This is one of the most important diagnostic tests. It is performed in the office, is painless and gives very important information about the internal female genital organs, namely the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. Transvaginal ultrasound can diagnose:

• Uterine conditions such as fibroids, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps
• Uterine anomalies such as bicornuate uterus, unicornuate uterus, didelphic uterus, uterine septum, etc.
• Ovarian conditions such as cysts and tumours.
• Endometriosis (endometriotic cysts)
• Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx)
• Ovulation disorders
• Causes that may produce pelvic pain, menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia.

Transvaginal ultrasound provides very important information about fertility, both regarding the condition of the uterus and the ovarian reserve. It is used to monitor ovulation in cycles for natural conception or in assisted reproduction treatments. It is used to diagnose conditions that may cause infertility.

Finally, transvaginal ultrasound is used to diagnose and monitor the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as various pathological and special conditions such as:

• Multiple pregnancy
• Ectopic pregnancy (extrauterine)
• Palindromic pregnancy
• First-trimester miscarriage
• Placental abruption
• Haematomas